The morning prayer is performed from the break of dawn (fajr al-sadiq) until sunrise; the noon prayer begins when the sun reaches its zenith and continues until the shadows are one or two times their length. The afternoon prayer begins at the end of the noon prayer time and continues until sunset; the evening prayer begins at sunset and continues until the twilight (redness) fades. The night prayer begins when the twilight fades and continues until the time for the morning prayer begins (imsak).

The conditions of prayer other than the obligatory acts (preparatory obligations) are: purification from hadath, purification from najasah, covering the private parts, facing the qiblah, observing the proper time, and making intention. The pillars of prayer, on the other hand, consist of six elements: the opening takbir, standing (qiyam), recitation (qira’at), bowing (ruku’), prostration (sujud), and the final sitting (qada’ al-ahira). If any of these twelve obligatory acts is omitted without a valid excuse, the prayer is invalid.

Friday prayer is an obligatory monthly duty (fard al-ayn) for every free, resident (non-traveler), healthy Muslim man who has reached puberty. Women, children, those whose freedom is restricted, the sick, and those considered travelers (seferî) under Islamic law are not required to perform Friday prayer. Those who cannot join the congregation perform the noon prayer of that day instead of the Friday prayer.

A make-up prayer is the performance of an obligatory prayer that could not be performed on time, performed later in the same manner (consisting only of the obligatory prayer and the witr prayer). A person who misses a prayer due to an excuse such as forgetfulness or sleep must make up that prayer as soon as they remember. With the exception of those who have more than five missed prayers to make up, the order (following the sequence) of the missed prayers must be observed in relation to the regular daily prayers.

A person who sets out on a journey to a place at least 90 km away and intends to stay there for less than fifteen days is considered a traveler. Travelers shorten the four-rak'ah obligatory prayers (Noon, Afternoon, and Evening) to two rak'ahs. No shortening is permitted for the obligatory parts of the evening and morning prayers or the witr prayer; these are performed in full.